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This new book presents biodiversity which is the variety of different types of life found on earth. It includes all species of animals and plants, and the natural systems that support them. Biodiversity matters because it supports the vital benefits we get from the natural environment. It contributes to our economy, our health and wellbeing, and it enriches our lives. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in spices diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.