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Synopsis It is widely recognized that community participation can play an important role in promoting primary education. It also has the potential to increase awareness levels and to bring about improvements in health and living conditions. In India, too, decentralization has been identified in recent years as an essential component of the processes of educational reform and change. This has resulted in many efforts to bring community and school closer together as also to involve community members in the development of primary education programmes. This volume presents the grassroots experiences, problems encountered, and lessons learnt from initiatives launched in five Indian states. The contributors cover a range of important issues including how community participation works in an environment characterized by deep-rooted socio-economic divisions; the equitable distribution of participation; identifying and defining the community; and ensuring the genuine representation of those who are traditionally excluded from decision-making in rural areas. The five case studies cover Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Bihar and Kerala. They collectively shed light on how decentralization in education has been actualized in different parts of the country and the dynamics of empowering the community to manage primary education. Two chapters cover respectively the total literacy campaign and watershed management in the framework of sustainable development. These experiences contain valuable insights which can be fruitfully applied to the primary education sector. Finally, both the introduction and the concluding chapter draw attention to the issues that need to be tackled in the years ahead in terms of building capacities for educational governance and community involvement at the local level. A theme running through the volume as a whole is ways to bring about genuine partnerships between civil society, the administration and NGOs in the drive to achieve universal education. Providing a comprehensive and analytical review of experiments and innovation in primary education, this volume will attract the attention of all those involved with education (including educational policy and planning), social work and the sociology of education. It will be of equal value to activists, administrators and NGOs.