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Ayurveda, one of the famous indigenous medicinal systems of India, classifies the treatments in eight branches viz. Kaumarabhrtya, Kayacikitsa, Salyacikitsa, Salakyatantra, Agatatantra, Blilitavidyd, Rasayanacikitsa and Vajikararjaciki-tsa. Kaumarabhrtya also known as Balacikitsa, is one of the eight branches of treatment in the system of Ayurveda. The term 'Kaumarabhrtya' denotes the bearing and nurturing of children. It deals with a wide range of topics including conception, pregnancy, formation of embryo, stages of its development and growth, birth of child, childhood, diseases in between these stages and their treatments. It discusses the human life from the stage of conception up to the age of sixteen years which includes the span of pregnancy, infancy and childhood (Garbha, Bala andKumara). Kasyapasamhita, also known as Vrdhajivakiyatantra,is a special treatise on Kaumarabhrtya which exclusively deals with the health care of children and gynaecology. The extant treatise can be ascertained to the period of 7th century C.E. This compendium consists eight sections named as sthanas. The narration of Kasyapasamhita is in the form of a discussion between Kayapaandhis disciple Jivaka. The topics related to the health, disease and treatments of pregnant women, children and mother/wet-nurse are the thrust areas of this work. Pregnancy, post-natal treatments and care of new born were considered there as a most intricate and precarious natural process in life. Taking this fact into consideration it presents innovative perspectives and methods for handling the phase with grave attention. Kasyapasamhitah-olds thata physician can easily expertize in all other branches of treatment if he is efficient in Kaumarabhrtya. Albeit Kasyapasarnhita, is a significant treatise on the health, disease and treatments of women and children, it has not been received deserving attention of scholars akin to that of Carakasamhita or Susrutasamhita, the studies that penetrate into the nature and content of this text are very few. The knowledge of the information supplied in this work is expected to be of commendable help in filling the lacunae in the methods of treatments followed on the basis of other predominant sources.