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Synopsis The security ambience of this country has been seriously vitiated during the past two decades, engulfing newer areas and attaining more virulent proportions. The Punjab militancy which lasted almost a decade, was one of the bloodiest movements witnessed in the world in such a short span of time and terrorism in J & K has taken over where Punjab left, thanks to continuous aid and assistance from Pakistan. The techniques of militancy are being constantly upgraded. Induction of foreign mercenaries and frequent use of suicide bombers have complicated the matter further. There is very little let-up in the North Eastern region with all major groups operating from sanctuaries across the borders. The ULFA, the Bodo and the Tripura insurgent groups are striking almost regularly with impunity creating a high level of insecurity. In fact no part of the country can be deemed to be safe. Cells of saboteurs and agents have been built up in almost every state, as the large number of modules neutralized so far indicate. The communal climate in different parts is extremely fragile and there is a steep rise in religious fundamentalism in the two major communities. Left wing extremism is affecting new areas and the prospects of Maoist violence spilling over from Nepal into the Indo-Gangetic plains run high. Organized crime has assumed alarming proportions in the metros, targetting almost all affluent sections. Even the coastal regions in the South and around the ocean islands have attained vulnerability for landing of arms and explosives. The Pak ISI is now firmly entrenched in Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan which are being used as launching pads for actions in India. The ISI encirclement is now being extended further east to Hong Kong and Thailand and to the Emirates and Kuwait in the west. The purpose of this book is to sensitize security personnel in various state and central security organizations about the various sinister facets of the current scenario and to emphasize the importance of reorientation and training of the forces and the need for upgradation of their weaponry and wherewithal, apart from the most important requirement of improvement in the process of intelligence generation and development of capabilities for covert actions.