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The Work is the first systematics and comprehensive study of towns in Kushana times. Based on original literary and archaeological sources, it discuses the concept of urbanization in the Kushana peariod, their location, town planning and structures under the Kushanas. The author has also highlighted the economic part played by towns under the Kushanas and maintains that economic factors were the most important for the growth and decline of towns in India. The early centuries of the christian era represent the most flourishing phase of urbanization in ancient India towns began to loose their economic importance from the post-Kushana period which ultimately led to the decline and desertion of towns Gupta and post-Gupta times. This may appear shocking to the believers in the 'Golden Age' of the Gupta period, but this is an archaeological fact and has been ably demonstrated by the author.