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The present volume  encompasses a collection of 10 chapters contributed by 22 experts in plant breeding and genetics, physiology, biotechnology and genetic engineering, nanotechnology and crop improvement. The selected topics are of prime importance to break the barriers of yield in different crops. They Provide the state of art account of the information available on different approaches for crop improvement under diverse conditions. Chapter 1 titled" Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: Extricating Regulatory Gene Complex" Chapter 2: Illustrated the Potential for engineering crops with high antioxidant capacity. Chapter 3 Provides a comprehensive report on current status of Molecular markers and MAS used in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Chapter 4 gives the glimpse on the Genetics and breeding for nutritional quality aspects of grain legumes Chapter 5 discusses Improvement of garlic crop using integrated approaches Chapter 6 describes Generation of vermicompost and its Utililazation in sustainable agriculture. Chapter 7 is Breeding for Specific Adaptation to Increase the Yield Potential of Rise for Hill Regions. Chapter 8 is Carbon Metabolism in Transgenic Plants. Chapter 9 Living organisms as a source of Nanoscale Engineering and its Applications is Described. Finally Chapter 10 Describes Mutations Breeding in Genomics Era : New Opportunities and Challenges. The Present volume will prove extremely useful for those interested in exploiting different facets of crop improvement. The book will cater yo the needs of postgraduates specializing in Plant breeding genetics Plant Physiology, crop breading Biotechnology and nano biotechnology, especially interested in crop Improvement.