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Agriculture in India is a complex and vast sector with a significant number of stakeholders. Agriculture accounts for around 20 per cent of India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making it a substantial contributor to the country's economy (GDP). Around 62 per cent of India's population depends on it for survival. Even with the estimated food grain production of around 316 mt, the majority of farmers live trapped in poverty, debt, and hunger. To address the current situation researchers, believe that judicious mix of advanced technologies in the areas of quality seed, fertilizer management, crop production methodologies for agricultural as well as horticultural crops, marketing, etc. should be followed. Under this context, this book entitled "Scientific Farming Practices for Soil and Crop Improvement" comprises of 5 chapters under the major topics Agronomic Practices for Crop Growth and Yield, Advancements in Soil Health Management, Crop Protection Strategies to Mitigate Pest and Disease in Crop Plants, Impact of Microbes on Food and Agriculture and Innovations in Horticultural Technologies & Breeding for Crop Improvement. This book is a compendium authored by reputed scientists from various organizations and the scientific findings highlighted by the authors could enhance the soil and plant health, and thereby enhancing the sustainability and livelihood of the farmers with ensured food and nutritional security. We hope that the findings will inspire the readers, help researchers and planners in shaping the future of farming. Further, this book will also cater the pressing needs of the researchers, Scholars in the field of Farm science.