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Synopsis The origin of caste system is a chronological history. The mutual assimilation of Aryas and Anaryas of Vedic age resulted in the creation of four varnas--the Brahmins, the Kshatriya, the Vaisya and the Sudra. From these grew numerous castes and these castes were began to be treated as lower or higher and touchable or untouchable, etc., according to the karmas. Subsequently in the later periods instead of karma, the birth became the basis of caste determination. In the course of time, numerous upheavals occurred, varna-struggles happened, yet the selfish motive of the Brahmin varna has brought the entire Indian society and particularly the Sudras, to a critical and deplorable existence.The caste system even after independence is so troublesome organisation in India that it has created untouchability, discrimination, feelings of low and high and gaps between man and man that are becoming wider day by day. Such a caste system is not only detrimental to society but is also harmful to national integrity. This 2 volume-set delves through the ages since ancient times as to how varna-vyavastha originated, social stratification occurred. Brahmins dominated and conditions of Sudras became deplorable, Sudras struggled against this exploitation supported by prominent leaders and various measures of their amelioration formulated and implemented after independence. Specific coverage to survey on jajmani system struggle of Dalits against inequalities and problems of scheduled castes has been elaborately discussed.