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Synopsis Water pollution is the root cause of most of the water borne diseases and can be prevented or minimized to a great extent through provision of supply of safe water. Water is likely to be polluted as result of human activities like rapid unplanned urbanisation, industrialisation, agricultural pollutants, improper waste management etc. Quality of water and waste management are interdependent and has to be dealt with together to ensure supply of pollution free water. This document is a practical hands on book seeks to demonstrate the importance of water quality to human health and natural resources and focus the principles which support a national strategy for water testing using simple, precise and most dependable procedures for the analysis of water and waste water. This book also gives guidance on the frequency of testing and permissible limits for water quality assessment and awareness on sustainable use of resources and standards. The public health impact of unsafe drinking water, water pollution and poor sanitation in terms of high morbidity, human economic productivity and degraded ecology is well recognised. Although the task is enormous, however, it depicts the most important aspects of the fundamentals of the character of water and waste water. The main objectives are to use integrated infrastructure and service initiatives to bring about improved environment and decrease the effect of problems of in sanitation on health conditions particularly water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, shigellosis, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, protozoan and helminthic diseases etc. Specifically the aim is to achieve this through wider coverage of analytical services throughout the country in the light of meeting the expected growth during the coming years. The aim is to encourage better resource and service management efficiently and increased sustainability which can be achieved through increased community involvement in decision making, service provision and management, enhanced private-public sector partnership in service delivery and operation as well as maintenance.