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Synopsis Fishery development is a pro-active action of the welfare states to introduce various programmes for the mobilisation of undeveloped and under developed water resources for the betterment of the human being. The practice of fish farming is popular in the developing countries to provide quality proteins to the masses. As a general concept, fishery is regarded as a unit, yet there are extra-ordinary assortments of various activities, most of them depend upon the resources and skill of the practising communities which require specific know-how. The concept of fishery development is to identify the technical, social, political, organisational and long-term developmental programmes targetted to provide food and employment to poor and enticement. For the successful implementation of the various aspects of fishery development, many aspects are to be taken into account which have been described in the book. Every drop of water contains life and innumerable drops from the aquatic environment. The knowledge of physio-chemical and hydro-biological conditions of water is essential for various aquaculture practices. Fishery development is based on the complex resources which include thousands of fish species having distinct characters and various types of ecosystems in which they have their abode. Though the explosion in advancement in the field of equipment refinenes especially in the field of fishery science has given new dimensions, the basic concepts have not changed, and hence their knowledge is the pre-requisite to undertake the studies in field of fishery development. In the modern industrial and energy based society, huge quantum of effluents are being discharged into the water bodies which are responsible for the decline of fish production and native fish species. As a consequence, welfare states are forced to promulgate the fishery legislation for the proper fish conservation in eco-friendly ways to have the sustainable fish yields. Natural fishery besides providing food to every section of the society, is helpful in various ways. Its use in the control of vectors has encouraged the public health fishery. The floral fishery, aquarium keeping and angling are some of the other important aspects of fishery development included in the entertainment fishery giving impetus to tourism. Fishery development is a continuous process requiring innovative researches and disseminating the findings to the field through extension and training programmes.