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Synopsis Soil Science is an important branch of Agriculture which deals with studies of different areas like soil physics; soil chemistry; soil fertility and plant nutrition; soil survey, genesis and classification, soil mineralogy, etc. It is therefore, essential that this valuable natural resource is understood and conserved properly for sustained agricultural production in India. National Agricultural production mainly dependent upon one of the important natural resource like "Soil". The maintenance and improvement of soil productivity for sustained agricultural production necessitates and acquisition through knowledge of soil science. Therefore, the teaching of soil science is one of the most important factor for the agricultural development of the country, it is because of the soil is involved in every kind of farming. The main aim of writing this book is to deal with basic principles of soil science and management of soil as a natural resource. Each chapter of this book is arranged sequentially to facilitate readers in easy understanding of the subject matter which explains the Concepts of soil, Nature of rocks and minerals leading to Soil Formation, Soil Genesis, Soil Taxonomy, Soil Survey, Soil Classification, Remote Sensing, Soils of India: their physical, chemical and biological properties etc. At last it would be highly useful textbook for students as it is designed according to syllabi of different Agricultural Universities of India.