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Synopsis The story of materialist prince Paesi is the only larger legend common to Jain and Buddhist canonical literature and a rare sample of a lively dialogue. Its subject, the corporeality of the soul, is denied by the Jains. In contrast the Buddhists consider the ‘I’ a facon de parler for practical reasons. Modern brain research tends in favour of the Buddhist view of the ego as being impermanent and therefore an illusion created by the brain. The problem in this dialogue of Paesi with a Jain monk, which is set in the axial age of reflextion on and discussion of the soul, but in its present literary form dates some centuries later, has therefore in two millennia not lost its actuality. Differently from of Paesi ends tragically; after his conversion the prince is murdered by his wife. The single arguments in the discussion slow many ancient Indian realia, which have been commented upon in the notes.