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Synopsis In the history of Marxism, theoretical formulations and praxis on the peasant question have been constantly in the flux. Marx’s unambiguous and critical writings on peasantry and the contradictory prevalent social conditions have splitted the Marxists in two theoretically hostile camps. In one camp were Marx-Engels, Plekhanov and Rosa Luxemburg who did not compromise with peasants’ programmes; in another camp were E.Bernstein, K. Kautsky, Lenin and Mao who implemented their programmes. Lenin’s success in Russia became the primer of the Communist parties on the peasant question, and relegated Marx’s praxis into oblivion. This book resurrects Marx’s peasant formulations, in the context of globalisation, in contradistinction to Lenin’s-Mao’s praxis.