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Synopsis Theodor Beney’s pursuits were at first chiefly classical, and his attention was diverted to Sanskrit by an accidental wager that he would learn enough of the language in a few weeks to be able to review a new book upon it. This feat he accomplished. From this time his attention was principally given to Sanskrit. He published in 1848 his edition of the Sama-vada; in 1852-1854 his Manual of Sanskrit, comprising a grammar and chrestomathy; in 1858 his practical Sanskrit grammar, afterwards translated into English; and in 1859 his edition of the Pancha Tantra, with an extensive dissertation on the fables and mythologies of primitive nations. In 1866 Benefey published the laborious work by which he is on the whole best known, his great Sankskrit-English Dictionary. In 19869 he wrote a history of German philological research, especially Oriented, during the 19th century. In 1878 his jubilee as doctor was celebrated by the publication of a volume of philological essays dedicated to him and written by the first scholars in Germany. He had designed to close his literary labours by a grammar of Vedic Sanskrit, and was actively preparing it when he was interrupted by illness, which terminated in his death at Gottingen.