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Synopsis This book Natural Resources and Economic Development is focused on the role, use and management of natural resources in context of economic development in general and that of Orissa in particular in view of the fact that in spite of abundant natural resources the state remains at the bottom ladder of economic growth. Proper utilization of land, water forests, fisheries and minerals can bring sustainable economic development for the state. Attempts have been made by the authors to examine the link between natural resources and economic development as such and also to suggest some practical development strategies in this context. Both conservation and utilization of natural resources are suggested for a sustained growth strategy. Proper management of soil and water for improving land productivity along with water conservation is considered vital in an agriculturally predominant economy. Role of forests in economic development can not be denied especially where the livelihood of a lot of tribal and rural people depends on forestry. Issues like conservation of forests, regeneration of degraded forests and utilization of forest products for people's sustained livelihood have been focused. Similarly, fisheries and other resources can be taken care of. Mineral reserves in Orissa is a well known fact. While utilization of mineral resources for industrializing Orissa is to be seriously considered, impact of mining and setting up of industries on the life and livelihood of people can not be ignored. After all, economic well being of the people of Orissa is the ultimate goal.