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Synopsis The Indian state under the directives of the constitution is expected to play the role of interventionist to bring social transformation. It aims at eradicating feudal hierarchical social order based on Brahminical ideology and building an egalitarian secular modern society providing all citizens social and political justice, equality, liberty and dignity of life. The Dalits, socially and economically most oppressed of Indian society look upon the state not only to provide equal opportunities but also to create positive conditions for improving their socio-economic condition. They perceived the state as a saviour to liberate them from the shackles of bondage and deprivation based on birth. After the five decades of independence a question needs to be examined: what changes have taken place in socio-economic status of Dalits and what role the state has played in the process? This is the central concern of this volume. The contributors of this volume are social scientists from India and abroad; social activists and experienced civil servants. Besides analysing Dr. Ambedkar’s concept of social justice and the role of the state, the various chapters of the volume examines (1) economic and educational status of the Dalits; (2) the nature and extent of untouchability in rural and urban areas; (3) condition of scavengers; (4) atrocities against the Dalits; and (5) reservation.