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Synopsis This book brings out in a logical sequence, and in a chronological order, the main aspects of the Hindu culture; Hindu-Muslim relationship at different stages during the past 1,200 years; fusion of the native culture and the culture of the invading Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mughals, and the English; and the politics of religion or the religion of politics.  It is a sincere attempt to highlight, with historical evidence, the different traits of and the policies adopted by different invading Muslim dynasties who ruled in various parts of India since the time of Muhammad-bin Qasim up to Aurangzeb, the Shia Sultans of the South and later Mughals; their cumulative positive and negative contributions to Indian culture and life; the conflicts arising out of the divergent interests of the rulers and the ruled; the political, economic and administrative changes brought by the British; the results of the English education; the freedom movement and the part played by the modernists, the ulemas, the propounders of Hindutva, and the Congress with special reference to Lokmanya Tilak, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.  Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru; main features of the ongoing ideological war of divergent political thoughts, namely, Islam, Hindutva, and Modernism; and their effect on Hindu culture.  It explodes many of the popular beliefs.