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Synopsis This work is an important addition in the ever increasing literature on state politics in India. Looking at Indian polity is not a new phenomenon in Indian Politics. Yet, uniqueness prevails in each and every aspect of state politics. States (provinces) are by themselves distinct entities in the political process of the nation. Tamilnadu is in many respects a unique trendsetter. Tamil polity has been under the constant influence of the ethnic forces, secular forces and communal forces commonly categorized under pressure group and interest group. This study traces the administrative ethos of the province under the backdrop of colonial administration. Analysis has been made on the rise and fall of communist forces and the dimensions of ethnic forces. By evolving a specific scale political performance of the party in power has been analysed. Equal attention has been given to the analysis of the local self government. Development Administration, micro level planning and the emergence of Panchayati Raj Institutions have been evaluated in the context of the new constitutional amendments and introduction of new policy initiatives. This work fulfils what the earlier works on Tamil polity have left unexplained.