Indonesian Ramayana: The Uttarakanda
Synopsis
The classical Indonesian Ramayana: Uttarakanda was composed sometime during the period A.D. 991 to A.D. 1016. It was written in Kawi, the official language of then Indonesian society. Dr. I. Gusti Putu Phalgunadi presents its English translation, the first of its kind in any European language, to popularise this work of literary value among those English-reading people of the world who are unable to read it in its original form. King Dharmavansa-teguh-Anantavikramottungadeva was the most powerful, ruler of the Isana dynasty. It was under the reign of King Dharmavansa-teguh-Anantavikramottungadeva that the famous Adiparva, Sabhaparva, Virataparva, Udyogaparva and Bhismaparva of the Mahabharata were composed in Kawi language. He laid down ideals in every sphere of life and under his rule East Jawa rose to dizzy heights. The Sanskrit Ramayana composed by Adikavi Maharsi Balmiki consists of seven kandas or books, namely Balakanda, Ayodhyakanda, Aranyakakanda, Kiskindhakanda, Sundarakanda, Yuddhakanda and Uttarakanda. The classical Indonesian Ramayana (Kakawin), however contains only six kandas. The Uttarakanda figures as a separate work having an independent identity of its own. The salient feature of the classical Indonesian Uttarakanda is the way in which the classical Indonesian Uttarakanda is divided. It consists of chapters (sargah) and the end of each chapter is stated in Sanskrit the title denoting the content and the serial number of the chapter. Besides, the quotations of the Sanskrit slokas in the classical Indonesian Uttarakanda are faithfully taken from the text of the Balmiki's Ramayana. The main plot of this work is based on the Balmiki's Uttarakanda. However, it is not a translation of the Sanskrit work. This English translation of the Indonesian Ramayana: Uttarakanda original has been done for the first time. Its corresponding Kawi text is given in opposite pages to enable researchers to understand in depth studies. This work will be of use to students of the Indian epic, Indonesian literature, cultural anthropology, performing arts, linguistic and allied disciplines.
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