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This volume, the sixth in the series on Indias National Security Annual Review, comes to the conclusion that Indias internal security is still the area of greatest concern. However, India's external security environment has definitely improved, with significant strides made in relations with all major countries. This is at a time when trends at the global level are none too happy. The big powers jostled for areas of influence. The threat of WMD proliferation remained unabated. International terrorism was not countered with any durable solution. Nevertheless, Indias stature grew. The first section of the book reviews the security environment of India in the preceding year. Among other things, it closely examines the Indo-US nuclear deal because of the importance of this initiative. There is a new feature in this volume, an article assessing the performance of the country in security-related technologies. The security situation within Pakistan and China has also been comprehensively reviewed. A very important feature of this volume is a revised and updated National Security Index 2006. in the second section an attempt has been made to examine some of the threats and challenges which the country might face in the future. In includes articles on the military doctrines of India, the implications of China's rise, Pakistan's missile programme, the emerging threats from Bangladesh, and the internal security challenges in the Northeast and Naxalite-affected areas. This series is supported by the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS) of India and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), even though the views expressed in the book are not necessarily those of the NSCS or the CII.