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Synopsis Today education is a key factor for further development of most of the countries in South Asia, which after decades of independence are still lacking in literacy.  The book focuses on the relationship between the state and society of South Asian Countries, especially in the field of primary education.  After dealing with developments under colonial rule, the major part of the contributions is devoted to the educational policy in South Asian countries post-Independent.  The papers reveal the relevance and crucial role of culture, religion, and ethnicity for imparting basic education on a nation-wide scale.  Taking into consideration the complexity of societies of South Asian countries, the book looks at the social and political implications arising out of the educational policy of the state for the process of nation building.  The book is a specific contribution from a South Asian context to the ongoing debate about the relevance of language, culture, and religion in the educational policy of a majority population and its impact on minority communities.