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Synopsis Geography is the study of the Earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity. Geography research addresses both the questions of where, as well why phenomena occur in particular places. Geography draws upon and contributes to numerous other knowledge discipline. With advances in computer technology, the analytical and spatial data management tools available to geographers, including Remote Sensing, geographic Information Systems and spatial data analysis, are now allowing geographers far more rigorous, quantitative analyses of spatial pheonomena. Though, the qualitative approach to geography remains important, with ethnography and other methodologies used to investigate theories of spatial phenomena. This book is organised under 398 chapters, encompassing all vital areas of geography. In the present abook an endeavour is made to give a clear picture of geography and ts branches and sub-fields. The chapters contained herein give a brief description of major sub-fields, which can be further researched by the scholars.