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Synopsis Concrete is second only to water as the most consumed substance on earth, with nearly three tons used annually for each person on the planet. Cement is the critical ingredient in concrete, locking together the sand and gravel constituents in an inert matrix. It is therefore a critical part of meeting society's needs for housing and basic infrastructure such as bridges, roads, water treatment facilities, schools and hospitals. Cement, like steel is one of the important construction materials for development. Cement, one of the basic elements for setting up a strong and healthy infrastructure, plays a crucial role in economic development of any country. Having more than a hundred and fifty years history, it has been used extensively in construction of anything, from a small building to a mammoth multi purpose project. Liberalization of Indian economy has thrown up new challenges and opportunities for all the industries and cement industry is no exception. With globalization, Indian cement industry has realized that to be competitive in the international scene, the production technology must be at par with the state of art technology as in advanced countries and consistency of quality of the product has to be ensured at any cost. In this book we have discussed the various issues of cement industry with global context and analyze the potentiality of this crucial industry.