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Synopsis In spite of accelerated industrial development of the country since independence, agriculture would continue to be the mainstay of Indian economy for a long time to come. The Green Revolution which made a breakthrough in food production in the sixties was mainly confined to wheat and rice and that also in some parts of the county. Indian agriculture has been plagued by small holdings, substantially unirrigated areas and diverse types of tenancy. During the last decade, it has been impacted by international prices, imports and exports due to trade liberalization, privatization and globalisation. Efforts at agricultural development have led to agrarian unrest and tension between different classes and effected rural-urban relationship and food security. The study concludes with a critique of national Agricultural Policy 2000. Its inherent contradictions have been duly analysed. The policy has certainly some positive elements but has failed to provide an integrated vision of sustainability in agriculture.