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Synopsis The word 'Philology' stands for the study of all the aspects of Literature. It includes textual criticism, interpretation, chronological, historical, cultural, linguistic etc. studies. The present work deals with the history of Sanskrit philology and Indian Archaeosophy from the very beginning up to the first decades of the twentieth century. The main emphasis is on the nineteenth century. It is a very detailed, balanced and critical book written in a masterly manner E.Windisch. It was originally published in the famous German Book-Series Grundriss der Indo-Arichen Philiogie under Altertumskunde (Encyclopedia of Indo-Aryan Research, strassburg, 1917 and Berlin-Leipzig 1920(VolI). The third volume could not be completed by the Author because of his death. Only the first three chapters were written by him and they were published in the Abhandlungen Fur die Kude des Morgenlandes, Vol XV, No.3, Liepzing 1921. All these three volumes are classics. They are translated here from German into English mainly for those Sanskrit scholars for whom the original is not accessible. This English translation is expected to give new impetus to the study of the History of Sanskrit philology.