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Synopsis This book is an outcome of an extensive empirical investigation undertaken by the authors based on the fieldwork on Environment Impact Assessment. Since the topic is related to environmental changes due to launching of Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project (SSCP) in the area of Gulf of Mannar, this book presents the basic concepts of ecological study and the linter linkages between environment and economics. The authors enrich the analysis with examples citing available information from the Indian context. This study involved collection of both primary and secondary data. The authors had to put intensive efforts to collect the reliable sources from various governmental agencies and other environmental reports pertaining to SSCP.  The major parts of sources were taken from filed work done by the authors and National Environmental Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, and DPR and Evaluation of EIA study for SSCP and L&T Romboll Consulting Engineers Limited, Chennai-35. This book envisaged the benefits derived out of Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project to the public as well as to enhance trade and commerce. Above all, hope this book while highlighting the environmental consequences due to launching of SSCP expresses its concern over the financial loss of the fishing community. However, this book makes an appeal to the government to launch SSCP without affecting coastal environment and livelihoods of the fishing community.