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Synopsis The work delves into matters of criminal sanction under Indian Factories Act 1948, i.e., the offences, the penal measure, the criminal court in action with respect to factory and the trial of the offending production units. To understand the criminal responsibility of factories, the dynamics of factory safety standards, inspection and investigation officer's reporting and setting the judicial process in motion are some of the identified areas. The work looks into the imperatives of factory operation, administration and management in view of the changing radicals of open market economy and industrial ecology for sustainable development. The entry of more and more big business/corporate conglomerates of multinational stature from across the borders into Indian factory scenario makes the understanding of elements criminal liability of the corporations and related comparative legal knowledge (from developed and developing legal systems) in the world is now more of necessity for level play. There is an imminent necessity to revitalize the Indian factory system, - the production units, with international standards so as to lend support as backbone of Indian industrial economy competing in the global market. This book will be useful to factory managers, factory safety practitioners, law-enforcing agencies, lawyers and also to those engaged in the protection of interest of the workforce, the environment and civil society workers at grassroot level. The work provides valuable insight to the matrixes of both factory law and criminal law measures.