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Synopsis Information Technology (IT) has a profound impact on several aspects of our day-to-day life. Over the past decade, the rapid advancements in computing technologies have increased the potential for developing a viable IT system that manages the complex spatial data. The software technology in this context is Geographic Information System (GIS). GIS uses geographically referenced data as well as non-spatial data and includes operations, which support spatial analysis. It is a computer-based system that digitally represents and analyzes the geographic features present on the Earth s surface and the events (non-spatial attributes linked to the geography under study) taking place on it. The objective of GIS is to support decision-making, for managing use of land, resources, transportation, retailing, oceans or any spatially distributed entities. GIS also integrates spatial analysis tools and web enabled technologies and relational data base design that influenced the growth, commercialization and diversification of this technology. Over the last decade, many business organizations, academic institutions and governmental agencies have implemented GIS applications to meet the dynamic needs of the changing environment-natural as well as unnatural. The major areas of GIS application are network based, such as vehicle routing and scheduling, location analysis, site selection, development of evacuation plans, natural resources management etc. The natural resources include wildlife and scenic rivers, recreation resources, flood and fields, wetlands, agricultural lands, aquifers, forests and wildlife Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA), viewshed analysis, hazardous or toxic facility siting, groundwater modeling and contamination tracking, wildlife habitat analysis, migration routes planning and so on. This book presents the concepts of GIS and its applications in various fields, such as financial services, insurance, hospital and health system, media, real estate, defense and intelligence, homeland security, public safety, transportation, urban and regional planning.