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Synopsis The genus Piper is one of a interesting group growing abundantly in the region. Due to its scientific and commercial importance, the genus has attracted the attention of many botanists in the past, but no detailed information is so far available for the Piper wealth of the region. So the present study was undertaken to explore the Piper species of the state with the aim to make a proper systematic investigation and to understand the natural relationship among the species.The main purpose of the writing of this book is to present the diversity and taxonomy of the genus Piper occurring in Arunachal Pradesh including analysis of morphological and anatomical features of the species along with grouping of species by numerical taxonomic methods. This book deals with 29 species collected and studied from the region. It deals with the various aspects of Piper viz., Taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, numerical analysis, phyto-geography and economic utility. The taxonomic account supported by proper illustrations, colour photographs and a suitable key for the species which will go a long way in helping the correct identification of the species even in the field. The natural relationship among the species have been found out using Numerical taxonomic analysis that indicated the divergence of the genus Piper into two subgeneric groups viz., Pippali and Marricha as has been suggested for South Indian species. Moreover the chapter Economic Utilization would be helpful to explore the medicinal and commercial potential of the species. The book will provide all the necessary information regarding the Piper species of the region and will be useful to the scientific community that deals with the study of this group in the country as well to the Botanists, pharmacologists, forest officials and others for any research and development activities. It may also serve as a valuable reference book for the taxonomists of the country and abroad.