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Synopsis Carbon sequestration in nature is of critical value for resolving vital issues of our times, namely the state of ecological paucity, natural resource management, global warming, climate change and sustainable development. It is the free carbon in nature, particularly in the form of CO2 that is responsible for most of the ills of our environment and that makes future of life on earth bleak and unsustainable. Earth's gradually but steadily becoming warmer is one of the grimmest and the gravest issues humanity on earth has ever faced in the recorded history. We have a variety of ecosystems to remove free carbon from the environment and fix it into plant biomass and soil. The earth's ecosystems, however, present a somber picture and sequestration of increasing carbon concentrations cannot be taken care of by them. This book combines ecosystem diversity and carbon sequestration issues together as both are interrelated and are responsible for the rapidly going on processes leading to global warming and climate change. We can meet climate change challenges and usher in a sustainable future blossoming with humanity by enhancing carbon sequestration in nature, which, eventually would be done by maintaining the health of our ecosystems in the first place, and by controlling carbon emissions through a number of technological, institutional and political measures. Divided into eight sections, the book comprises 39 chapters contributed by many eminent scientists concerned with the state of the earth. The first section attempts to present an agenda for the ecologically shattered and economically globalised world which might help us understand the gravity of the world's common future and guide us to take up effective measures to mitigate the problems and revive our tormented earth. The subsequent sections present and discuss scenarios, anthropogenic dimensions and management of ecosystem diversity; climate change, critical environmental problems, alarming trends, species extinction and all that; a search for viable options; Himalayan mountains; carbon sequestration as a life-building, life-enhancing and life-conserving phenomenon; potential technological and institutional mechanisms, carbon trading, policies; eco-ethics, eco-philosophy and psychology as vital elements pivoting conservation-oriented transcendental development. The book would prove to be of extraordinary value towards resolving the most crucial issues of our times.