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Agroforestry is practiced traditionally since time immemorial to meet diverse needs of households and holds good prospects in present times also on account of global climate change and population pressure. At micro level in farms, there are twin problems of getting and sustaining higher crop productivity vis-a-vis minimizing environmental impact and maintaining soil quality. These twin problems can get solved by developing and adopting site specific agroforestry systems. In the context, this book identifies the key issues associated with agroforestry practices for meeting challenges of sustaining high resource productivity, livelihood security with mitigation of climate challenge. It discusses solutions to these challenges by giving region specific agroforestry systems, manipulation of agroforestry knowledge for soil and water conservation and solving many issues in agroforestry. Topics covered include scope and practices of agroforestry, mitigation of climate change, manipulation of processes in agroforestry for better resource productivity, ecosystem development through agroforestry, issues in agroforestry research and development.