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Synopsis The publication of this volume is purposeful in bringing together the information available till date on various aspects of fungal diversity in Indian sub-continent. The Indian sub-continent is characterized with diverse topography, climatic conditions and turn over of green vegetation all the year round in its one or the other parts and correspondingly this sub-continent is adorned with immense fungal diversity. This compilation focuses light on the diversity and bioremediation, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles employing fungal organisms, biotechnological and molecular approaches in characterization of fungal diversity, biological control, new approaches on fungal diversity including heavy metal toxicities and resistance in fungi, alkaloid biosynthesis and complexone siderophores as iron transport compounds in some group of fungal organisms. An account is also presented on fungal cellulases in novel industrial application, aflatoxin contamination, toxicosis and preventive measures. A major part of this book is devoted to discuss the recent trends and current status of diversity of fungal forms or groups thereof including thermophilic fungi, keratinolytic fungi, rust fungi, agaricales, acellular slime fungi, fleshy fungi, Alternaria species associated with cucurbitaceous vegetables and fungal diversity in forest ecosystems. A great deal of morphotaxonomic diversity is presented including coelomycetes, loculoascomycetes and certain individual fungal genera viz., Phoma, Ravenalia, Vermiculariopsiella, Phaeoramularia, Gonatophragmium, Stenella, Corynespora, Colletotrichum and Ceratocytis species. Habitat diversity has also been discussed with reference to indoor and outdoor environments. Some chapters have also been devoted to discuss the biodiversity of fungal forms as biocontrol agents and their commercial application in agriculture and human life.