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Synopsis According to the recent F AO Book on by-catch and discards, the weighted discard rate of fisheries is estimated at 8% and the yearly average discards are estimated to be 7.3 million tons that are directly thrown to the seas. They are constituted by non targeted species and by residues due to fish transformation onboard. After landing, this wide variety of marine species of animals is converted into seafood. Of those animals, only a portion Is usually separated from the carcass and used as food. The remainder is by-product, often rich in protein, which can (should!) be processed into useful products. By-products Yom fisheries, included fish farming consist of viscera (liver, roe, stomachs, etc.), heads, backbones, trimmings and rejected fish from processing. These by-products are generated when the fish is headed, gutted and further processed.