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Synopsis The increasing population pressure and demand for a better life style have led to a greater use of energy resulting in escalating pressures on the use of available resources leading to a negative balance in the equilibrium of process source depletion and replenishment by natural processes, which is posing a challenge for healthy survival of life.

Biodiversity is the variation of life forms of plants and animals within a given ecosystem which extends from millions of distinct flora and fauna since the Earth's evolution. As a  consequence to meet the increasing demand large scale exploration, development and use of fossil carbon drastically promote conditions leading to  major climatic and environmental changes with irreparable shocks to Earth's biodiversity. The juxtaposition of energy needs and biodiversity values has led to challenges for both the energy industry and the conservation community to meet the public demand for energy, while at the same time addressing society's expectations for corporate social and environmental responsibility. The preventive and proactive measures of averting shortages of fossil fuels are simply to use less of them. This may be achieved by increasing the utilisation efficiency of fossil fuels and minimizing the energy wastage.

The present volume is a compilation of the reports presented during an international roundtable on 'Sustainable Utilisation of Energy and Biodiversity Resources for Wealth Creation and Development' at Kampala, Uganda during 1013 March 2009, organized by the NAM S&T Centre jointly with Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS). The information presented herein would hopefully serve as a valuable material for the concerned scientists on utilisation of energy and biodiversity resources to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.