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Synopsis In the present work, the author has pieced together all the available archaeological data obtained from various archaeological excavations in recent years and made an attempt to reconstruct the beginning of fortifications in the Indo-Pak subcontinent.

The author presents the story of the beginning of fortification in the Indo-Pak subcontinent right from the sixth millennium B.C. to the sixth century B.C. All the cultural settings falling within this time range and geographically all the major areas of the subcontinent have been surveyed.

The author explores the beginning of fortifications in the Early Harappan and Mature Harappan cultures, fortifications in the Chalcolithic cultures of Central India and the Deccan, protohistoric cultures of the Ganga Valley and the components of the fortifications. This book also gives a glimpse into some of the cardinal issues of Indian archaeology like the origin, ecology and rethinking about the socio-political aspects of Protohistoric cultures.

This book, written in wide and expressive style with notes, references and bibliography, is supported with several photographs, illustrations and maps. It will be useful for those interested in the growth of urban cultures as well as in the military architecture of ancient India.