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The biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety of life starting from genes to ecosystems and landscapes. The detailed concepts of types of biodiversity are explained in chapter 1. Chapter 2 deals with specific details of genetic diversity. Prof. Nameer, from Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur has contributed a chapter on biodiversity and conservation of mammals (chapter 3). The number of hotspots is being increased year after year which is sad news for wild lifers. A detailed account of two hotspots of India is narrated in chapter 4. Invasive alien species are threat to local biodiversity, a detailed account on invasive alien species of tropical region is given in chapter 5. Genetically modified crops and their diversity are given in chapter 6. Agricultural crops are affected by a variety of pests. The crop protection strategies are explained in chapter 7. In a given forest ecosystem plants and insects interact and co exists. The plant nectarines and associated insects are discussed in chapter 8. Another chapter on alien species is also incorporated (chapter 9).

Studies on parasites and predators are most interesting and complex. This aspect is covered in chapter 10. Termites are the gregarious insects having the ability to devour all the cellulose containing materials. Their diversity and density are described in chapter 11. Eriophid mites caused severe loss to coconut plantation in South India during the last one decade. This aspect is discussed by Prof. Manjunatha of University of Agricultural Sciences, Shimoga in chapter 12. Flower-bird interactions are explained by Prof. Solomon Raju in chapter 14. Chapter 15 deals with fungal biodiversity in soils of mid western ghats.