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Synopsis Study of quality and quantity of water is essential for the survival of human beings and aquatic life. Management of the water quality is a matter of urgency for day-to-day life and for the biological productivity of aquatic systems, agricultural activities, domestic-industrial use, recreation, navigation, etc. The present water quality problems in surface and subsurface environments in many countries are due to accelerated anthropogenic stress and results in environmental degradation. Thus the water quality study has gained its importance as the only solution to tackle the global fresh water crisis, to better understand the surface and subsurface water quality and their present and future status. Keeping this in mind, several experts were invited to contribute to this book on water quality problems of the surface and subsurface environments to reflect the status of water quality in their respective countries. Water quality of various aquatic systems in Germany, France, Kenya, Australia and in the Indian subcontinent and ground water quality in Sri Lanka, Sweden and Indian subcontinent have been covered in this book. Contributors represent nine countries namely, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Germany, England, Japan, Sweden, Australia, Kenya and France. The editorial committee to make the book more readable has suitably edited all the invited papers. This book is intended to be a standard reference for the hydrogeochemists, water supply and water resource managers, ground water specialist, hydrologist, geochemist, ecologists, hydrobiologist, coastal-marine scientists and those interested in the water quality studies in aquatic systems of surface environments and ground waters.