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Synopsis Wood is a common place product. Though it is renewable resource, yet the uses being many, the requirement is enormous and is ever increasing. The generation, absorption and innovation in wood production and utilization technology to achieve perpetual returns in short rotation is much needed. Among fast growing multipurpose wood species Eucalyptus species have gained importance over the others for their high adaptibility, coppicing behaviour, etc. and wide range of uses. The author has made a maiden effort to put information on all facets of Eucalyptus species in this monograph. The monograph gives a comprehensive account of distribution, anatomy, silviculture, growth statistics, economics, biomass productivity, cultivation, genetics and propagation, diseases, insects and pest management, wood properties and utilization, pulp and papermaking, chemistry of nonwood products and utilization etc. Recent research results on various aspects of cultivation of eucalypts under farmforestry, agroforestry and social forestry systems including plantation at stress sites, have been discribed. The methodology of plantation, effect of fertilizer, role of biofertilizer (mycorrhiza), propagation technology etc., which have direct bearing on overall productivity, have been highlighted. The scope of utilization of eucalypts as timber for wood based industries, plywood, fibre board, chemicals has been demonstrated and the data to these effect are given in the monograph. Eucalypts fibre give unique combination of properties for papermaking. A detailed account of the researches on pulp and papermaking from eucalypts has been embodied.